The Reform, Orthodox, and Conservative movements in Judaism emerged out of sociopolitical contexts impacting Jewish life in Europe and the US in the 19th century. Different dynamics shaped Judaism in the Balkans, North Africa, and the Middle East, particularly in the former Ottoman Empire. What factors impeded denominationalism among Sephardic Jews? How has Sephardic Judaism developed over the generations and geographies? How has Sephardic Judaism dealt with questions about the role of women and egalitarianism? How have Reform and Conservative Judaism addressed Sephardic Judaism?